Tuesday, July 15, 2025

Tone Stack - Fender

 Tone Stack 








How The Guitar Amp Tone Stack Work

Tone stack is important part of guitar amp , which directly sculpts the tone of guitar amp.If you want to play guitar better, it is important to know deeply about tone stack, how does it work and how to adjust it.
Magnetic guitar pickup model turns out to be a second-order, low-pass filter and has a strong low middle emphasis and little high frequency response - overall a very muddy and muffled sound. So they need compensate by amp.
To hear the natural sound of a pickup, use a typical guitar amp with the middle set to full, and bass and treble on 0. This is actually sets a flat response in the amp. That's the whole point of these tone controls providing compensation for the natural sound of a pickup - the middle control simply boosts the pickup's normal'middley' sound. The treble and bass controls do the opposite - they boost higher and lower frequency levels, leaving a notch in-between for middle cut.
The Fender/Marshall/VOX TMB(Treble Mid Bass) tone stack has been around since the 1950's and has become a staple with Fender and Marshall amps.This design of tone stack is still used in the modern amps.
The TMB stack is made up of several low and high pass audio filters that work together to their magic. It's a relatively low impedance circuit (high load) so it works best when fed by a low impedance source such as a cathode follower like in the 5F6A, JTM45 and many other amps. So, in many amp, tone stack commonly connects behind one cathode follower.
The input splits part traveling through the "treble capacitor" and the rest passing through a resistor to a network of capacitors and pots making up the bass and midrange controls ( midrange pots are optional and are often replaced with a resistor)Everything joins back at the treble pot, which is, in a way, a mixer between the filtered treble (all the lows removed by the low value capacitor) and the bass and midrange circuit.

Audio filter reviews
Before we discuss the tone stack circuit which is surprisingly complex due to the interactive nature of its four audio filters, we simple overview simple RC (resistance-capacitance) filter circuits.First, we know: Capacitor can block direct current and let alter current passing through, sodifferent combinations of capacitor and resistor can be comprised of different type filters.
Low pass filter has a resistor first followed by a capacitor connected to ground.It allows low frequencies to pass but high frequencies are blocked.
The cutoff freq of low pass filt is below :
f(cutoff)=1/(2*3.14*R*C)
R---Ohm,C---Farads
Example:
Bass pass filter of TMB of 5F6A is by Rs and CM.Rs is 56k, CM 0.022uf(223). Then the cutoff freq of low pass filter of Rs and CM is 129hz.



High pass filter has the capacitor first followed by a resistor connected to ground. A high pass filter allows high frequencies to pass but blocks low frequencies.



Tone stack overview



Tone stacks of three brand guitar amp
RS
CT
RT
CM
RM
CB
RB
VOX
100k
56p
B250K
223
B20K
223
A1M
Marshall
33K
470p
B250K
223
B20K
223
A1M
Fender
56K
270p
B250K
223
B20K
223
A1M

Tone stack is by one low pass and three high pass filters. The Tone Slope Resistor RS is important part in tone stack,it takes two important roles in tone stack.
Frequency divider:
RS works as a frequency divider with CT(Treble Cap).The high frequencies signal pass around CT and low and mid frequencies passing through RS to the CB (Bass Cap)and CM (Mid Caps).

A larger value Tone Stack resistor will pass fewer bass and mid frequencies so its value changes the balance or "slope" of the tone stack's frequency response.
The treble high pass filter made up of the CT(Treble Cap)+ RT(Treble Pot) blocks frequencies below approximately 2359Hz to 2184HZ(Fender), allow higher frequencies to pass.The high frequencies are sent to the top terminal of the RT. The bass and mid frequencies signals that pass through the bass and mid filters flow to the RT's lower terminal so the RT is a balance control that allows you to select between the high and low frequencies at its outside terminals.
Low pass filter:
RS + CM (Mid Cap )form the only low pass filter of tone stack filtering high frequency signal and work with two high pass filters (CB+RB,CM+RM). These circuits constitute two band pass filters removing frequencies above and below the desired band of frequencies.The freq range of these band filters are controlled by RB(Bass control)and RM(Mid control). The cutoff freqs of low pass filter in different amps below:

 
RS+CM low pass filter cutoff freq
VOX
72HZ
Marshall
219HZ
Fender
129HZ
One end of CM is connected with RM, this is difference with general low pass filter that the capacitor is connected with ground.The mid & high freq signals from band filters go to one end of the RT through RM, mixing with high freq signal from high pass filter.
The cutoff frequency of high pass filter controlled by RB varies between 7.2Hz and 361Hz. With the RB full up the bass high pass filter only blocks frequencies below 7.2Hz so all guitar and bass frequencies get through. With the RB full down the filter blocks frequencies below 361Hz so most of the bass is filtered out.
The cutoff frequency of high pass filter controlled by RM varies between 361Hz to infinitely high. With the RM full up the mid high pass filter only blocks frequencies below 361Hz.With the RM full down the mid filter blocks all frequencies.
Freq flow in tone stack below.


RM works in tone stack



The combination of the low pass filter which formed by RS+CM and high pass filters which formed by CM+ RM creates a band pass filter. So only mid freqs signals pass through.
The RM control this band pass filter that functions like a mid frequency volume control. At higher RM, this band filter acts as a simple high pass filter which blocks low freq signals but allows mid freq signals through. As RM is turn down , the mid filter's cutoff frequency increases.The cutoff frequency runs from 361Hz with the RM max, to infinitely high with the RM zero.
A high pass filter with an infinitely high cutoff frequency blocks all frequencies so no audio will pass.
The RM below the wiper comes after the low pass filter, which let some mid and high freq signals pass through the filter. Only turning the RM to zero, the RS + CM low pass filter could cut off all frequencies above cutoff, let bass freq signals pass to the RT.

RB works in tone stack




RS+ CM form low pass filter, The bass and mid freq signals pass on to the CB. CB + (RB+ RM) form high pass filter, the RB blocks low frequencies.
By filtering the guitar audio through a low pass filter followed by a high pass filter (Bass control) a variable band pass filter is created that only affects bass freq signals.
With the bass high pass filter's resistance of RB1M + RM 20K = 1.020M with the RB max gives a cutoff frequency of 7.2Hz. With the bass high pass filter's resistance of 0 RB +RM 20K = 20K with the RB minimum gives a cutoff frequency of 361Hz. Note the mid filter's lowest cutoff frequency is 361Hz so the bass and mid filters match up perfectly.
The RM below the wiper comes after the low pass filter let some mid and high freq signals pass through the filter to the CB. The RB has no effect when the RM and RT are full down

RT works in tone stack




CT + (RT+ RM ) form high pass filter, the high freq signals pass across the top of the tone stack.RS +CM form low pass filter, the bass and mid freq signal flow through the RS and CB around to the RT.
Turning the RT does not change the CT+ RT high pass filter cutoff frequency because the RT full 250k of resistance is always in the filter's path to ground--moving the RT wiper does not change this.Turning the RT adjusts the balance between high frequencies on the top side of the RT and Bass & Mid frequencies on the bottom side of the pot.
The RM is added to the treble high pass filter's resistance. The treble high pass filter's resistance ranges from RT with the RM set to minimum to RT+RM with the RM set to Max.The CT + RT high pass filter blocks frequencies below:

 
Cutoff freq of( CT+RT+RM)RM max
Cutoff freq of (CT+RT+RM)RM min
VOX
10531(HZ)
11373(HZ)
Marshall
1355(HZ)
1254(HZ)
Fender
2184(HZ)
2359(HZ)

The RB setting has no effect on the treble high pass filter cutoff frequency because the treble filter's path to ground can flow through the CB and CM to flow around the Bass Pot.
The RS got its name because its resistance affects the balance between high frequencies that flow across the top of the tone stack and bass & mid frequencies that flow below through the rest of the tone stack. A smaller RS will tilt the frequency balance toward bass frequencies by reducing treble and increasing bass. A larger resistor will tilt it toward high freqs and less bass. A larger RS will also reduce the Tone Stack's load (raise its impedance). That's one of the reasons the Fender blackface amps use a 100k Tone Slope resistor.

Conclusion

 
Low-Freq response(HZ)
High-Freq response(HZ)
VOX
30
11373
Marshall
68
1355
Fender
47
2359
With the bass and treble controls at minimum, the midrange control determines the overall attenuation for all guitar frequencies. When the bass control setting is increased, it allows bass to bleed back into the mix, reducing the attenuation for its passband.
The Marshall midrange control offers more midrange at the top end of the control setting, but a more accelerated gain variation depending on the setting. The 5F6-A, on the other hand, has less maximum midrange, but finer midrange control.

Tuesday, December 31, 2024

Top 100 songs of Lata Mangeshka& Mohd Rafi

 

Click to listen to song of your choice 00:05 Teri Bindiya Re 04:34 Chadhti Jawani Meri Chaal Mastani 09:02 Haye Re Haye 13:25 Dafli Wale Dafli Baja 18:35 Baghon Mein Bahar Hai 22:24 Woh Hai Zara Khafa Khafa 28:10 Tujhe Jeevan Ki Dor Se 31:28 Chup Gaye Sare Nazare 36:53 Chalo Dildar Chalo 40:25 Wada Kar Le Sajna 45:09 Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho 53:15 Dil Tera Diwana Hai Sanam 59:10 Kitna Pyara Wada Hai 01:04:19 Koyal Boli Duniya Doli 01:08:38 Jo Wada Kiya Woh Nibhana Padega (Happy) 01:11:51 Ni Sultana Re 01:16:56 Ramaiya Vastavaiya 01:22:53 Ek Daal Par Tota Bole 01:28:08 Rut Hai Milan Ki 01:33:42 Sau Saal Pahle 01:37:11 Ab Aan Milo Sajna 01:43:39 Jhilmil Sitaron Ka Angan Hoga 01:49:04 Do Sitaron Ka Zameen Par 01:52:25 Bekhudi Mein Sanam 01:56:46 Tumhari Nazar Kyon Khafa Ho Gayi 02:01:50 Dil Pukare Aare Aare 02:07:05 Aadmi Musafir Hai (Happy) 02:14:04 Tere Husn Ki Kya Tarif Karun 02:18:43 Mujhe Teri Mohabbat Ka Sahara 02:25:01 Atthara Baras Ki Tu Hone Ko 02:29:11 Tere Ghar Ke Samne 02:33:01 Tu Ganga Ki Mauj 02:37:01 Parbat Ke Us Paar 02:44:18 Dheere Dheere Chal Chand 02:48:36 Aya Sawan Jhoom Ke 02:55:29 Saathiya Nahin Jana 02:59:56 Yeh Mausam Bheega Bheega Hai 03:03:40 Zindagi Bhar Nahin 03:06:57 Chal Kahin Door Nikal Jayen 03:13:33 Ek Mahal Ho Sapnon Ka 03:16:55 Lara Lappa Lara Lappa Laai 03:22:55 Ye Dil Tum Bin Lagta Nahin 03:28:47 Aa Mere Humjoli Aa 03:34:44 Din Sara Guzara Tore Angana 03:38:09 Bahon Mein Teri Masti Ke Ghere 03:42:19 Chhadi Re Chhadi 03:47:10 Tasveer Teri Dil Mein 03:51:31 Itna To Yaad Hai Mujhe 03:57:43 Gori Ke Haath Mein 04:03:22 Teri Duniya Se Door 04:06:37 Rang Rang Ke Phool Khile 04:13:03 Kabhi Raat Din Hum Door The 04:19:59 Rim Jhim Ke Geet 04:24:40 Door Koi Gaaye 04:28:16 Meri Duniya Mein 04:33:03 Dhoom Mache Dhoom 04:40:42 Laagi Chhoote Na Ab To Sanam 04:45:07 Tan Rang Lo Ji Aaj Man Ranglo 04:48:31 Chana Jor Garam 04:55:36 Jeet Hi Lenge Baazi Hum Tum 04:59:08 Dil Todne Wale Tujhe Dil 05:03:35 Paon Chhoo Lene Do Phoolon Ko 05:06:46 Dekho Rootha Na Karo 05:09:51 Kabhi Kabhi Aisa Bhi Hota Hai 05:13:21 Diwane Hai Diwanon Ko 05:17:51 Chali Chali Re Patang 05:21:19 Yeh Sama Yeh Ritu Yeh Nazaren 05:25:30 Dil Ne Dil Ko Pukara (Part 2) 05:31:08 Husn Chala Kuchh Aisi Chaal 05:35:51 O Sanam Tere Ho Jayen Hum 05:39:10 Kar Ke Jiska Intezar 05:42:34 Tere Nainon Ke Main Deep Jalaoonga 05:46:08 Tumhare Bin Guzare Hain Kai Din 05:52:32 Jhoole Mein Pawan Ki Aai Bahar 05:55:42 Ooi Amma 06:01:07 Mujhe Kitna Pyar Hai Tumse 06:05:35 Aadhi Sachchi Aadhi Jhuthi 06:10:39 Jeevan Mein Piya Tera Saath Rahe 06:15:14 Woh Din Yaad Karo 06:18:40 Hum Tumhare Liye 06:23:06 Yeh Dil Diwana Hai 06:27:47 Yeh Ankhen Uff Yun Umma 06:31:16 Is Reshmi Paazeb Ki Jhankar 06:35:46 Ek Shahenshah Ne Banwa Ke 06:41:01 Chala Bhi Aa Aaja Rasiya 06:46:19 Chhed Mere Humrahi Geet Koi Aisa 06:51:15 Yaad Men Teri Jaag Jaag Ke Hum 06:55:38 Matwala Jiya Dole Piya 06:59:09 Yeh Zulf Kaisi Hai 07:03:21 Ladki Pasand Ki 07:09:05 Chal Prem Nagar 07:14:44 Chahe Paas Ho Chahe Door Ho 07:18:07 Ek Tera Saath Humko 07:21:17 Saathi Mere Saathi 07:28:58 Mere Dil Mein Jo Hota Hai 07:35:00 Shaher Mein Charcha Hai 07:41:51 Uff Umma 07:45:19 Main Bairagi Nachoon Gaoon 07:52:01 Kaise Jeete Hain Bhala 07:58:34 Ram Kare Allah Kare

Tone Stack - Fender

 Tone Stack  How The Guitar Amp Tone Stack Work Tone stack is important part of guitar amp , which directly sculpts the tone of guitar amp.I...